Crabb, Oliver P.

Listed as a daguerreian in West Jefferson, Ohio in 1853. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Craft, Clay

Noted as a photographer, probably daguerreian, in Tipton, Ind., c. 1856. He was listed in partnership with P.H. Dean. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Craft, John S.

Daguerreian, 132 Bowery, New York City, N.Y., 1857-1860. In 1857-1858 he was listed at both 132 and 135 Bowery, and lived on Clinton Street. In subsequent years, he was listed only at 132 Bowery. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crafts, Charles

Listed as a daguerreian case maker in New Haven, Conn., 1859-1860. No business address listed; he boarded at 16 Union Street. In 1860-1861 he was listed at 79 Union Street as a manufacturer of photographic plateholders. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crafts, John

Listed as ambrotypes in Newton, N.H., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Craille, W.C.

Recorded as a daguerreian in Richmond, Va., 1855-1860(?). In 1855, he was listed at his "skylight daguerreian rooms" at 37 Main Street. He lived at the Mansion House. He was not listed in 1856, but reappeared in 1860 as an operator for E.M. Powers at 151 Main Street, and boarded at the Capitol House. He is noted by another source in Richmond in 1854-1855 as well. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crain, George

Listed as daguerreotypes and ambrotypes, Reed's Mills, Ohio, 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cram, J.J.

Listed as ambrotypes in Unity, N.H., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer

Noted as a daguerreian in St. Louis, Mo., date unknown. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer

Noted as a daguerreian in San Andreas, Calif., 1858. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer, Allen

Daguerreian, New York City, N.Y., 1859-1860. No business address listed; he lived at 150 East 36th Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer, Elijah A.

Daguerreian, New York City, N.Y., 1860. No business address listed; he lived at 186 West 14th Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer, George R.

Listed as a daguerreian at 374 Western Row, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1856. He lived at 110 Everett Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cramer, Gustav

Later the manufacturer of the first dry plates in the United States, he began his photographic career in St. Louis, Mo., in 1859. Arriving from Germany, he was employed at the gallery of John A. Scholten. After the Civil War, he was in partnership as Cramer and Gross, and manufactured photographic dry plates. The company later became G. Cramer Dry Plate Company. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crampton, H.L.

Daguerreian, Oshkosh, Wisc., 1857-1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crampton, S.R.

Employed as a traveling agent for Levi Chapman, dealer in daguerreian materials, New York City, N.Y., 1851. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crandall

Listed as daguerreotypes and ambrotypes, 17 Dewitt's Block, Elyria, Ohio, 1859-1860, in partnership as Crandall and Alexander. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crandall

Noted as a daguerreian in Flint, Mich., 1848. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, Aaron J.

Listed as a daguerreian at 172 Broadway, New York City, N.Y., 1847-1848. He lived in Jersey City, N.J. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, Alex

Possible daguerreian in Hawpatch City, Ind., 1854. A family letter dated May, 1854 reported he was in Columbus, Ind. learning how to make "Degarytpes." He had been there a month, and the letter said he wanted to "set up shop" in Hawpatch City until it was time to go to work in the factory. Late oblique references indicate that he may have died in 1858. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, Charles G.

Listed as a photographer at 532 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 1858 and 1860. Possibly the same C.G. Crane listed as an artist in 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, H.A.

Reported as a daguerreian in Tampa, Fla., 1857, in partnership as Crane and Son, with Henry L. Crane. The partnership was formerly Mann and Crane. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, Henry L.

Reported as a daguerreian in Tampa, Fla., 1857, in partnership with his father, H.A. Crane, as Crane and Son. His father was previously listed in partnership as Mann and Crane. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, James D.

(1816-1871) Noted as a daguerreian, ambrotypist and photographer in Indianapolis, Shelbyville and Lafayette, Ind.

In March and April, 1853, he advertised in Shelbyville. In 1858-1859 he was listed at the "Indiana Picture Gallery", 19 West Washington Street, upstairs, Indianapolis, in partnership as Crane and Steely (W.). He was also listed with his own gallery at the same address, in Sherman's Block, in 1859. In 1860-1861 he was listed as a daguerreian at 19-1/2 West Washington Street.

This is probably the same James D. Crane listed as an ambrotypist and photographer in Lafayette, Ind., in 1858-1859. There he was listed at the northeast corner of Public Square, over McCormick's Store. His residence in Lafayette was given as the southeast corner of Illinois and Alabama Streets. In 1860-1861 he was listed on the southeast corner of Public Square in Lafayette. In 1870, the manufactuers' census reported he had $300 invested in his gallery, had stock valued at $600, employed one other person, and produced $1,565 in photographs and ambrotypes. He died in 1871 or typhoid fever. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, John F.

Listed as ambrotypes in Berea, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crane, Silas (1810-)

Born in Ohio, he was listed by the 1850 census as a 40-year old daguerreian artist in Covington (Covington County), Ind. Information corrected to March, 1998; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crapo, R.P.

Recorded as a daguerreian and daguerreian stock depot. In 1855 he was listed in Lockport, N.Y. He was apparently the first photographer in the area to use the ambrotype. An imprint on a daguerreotype case has been recorded from the Lockport studio. This is probably the same R.P. Crapo listed from 1858 to 1860 in Milwaukee, Wisc., with a daguerreian studio and stock depot. His gallery there was noted as "first floor, upstairs" at 231 Main Street. He advertised as a photographic artist, and in 1859-1860 his gallery was noted as a "Temple of Art". Various residence addresses noted. Likely this is the same "Crapo" listed in 1860 in St. Louis, Mo., with a daguerreian gallery and stock depot at 60 North Fourth Street. There he was listed in partnership as Appleby and Crapo. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crary, C.W.

Listed as an ambrotypist and photographer on the south side of Public Square, Bedford, Ind., 1860-1861. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crater, C.H.

Listed as a daguerreian in Hornellsville, N.Y., 1855. In January of that year, the rooms occupied by Crater on Church Street, south of Main Street, were taken over by L.E. Horton, who "continued" the business. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crathen, John

Apparently active as a daguerreian in 1860 in Painesville, Ohio. The 1860 census (taken in July) listed him living at John Weaver's boarding house. Also staying there was John A. Mather, a photographer later to become prominent in documenting the oil industry in Titusville, Pa. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crawford, Alexander

Listed as an ambrotypist and cabinet maker, Masterton, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crawford, J. Harvey

Recorded as a daguerreian in Dixon, Ill., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crawford, James

Listed as a daguerreian at 194 Broad Street, Newark, N.J., 1852-1855. He lived at 81 Plane Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crawford, William

Reported as a daguerreian in Trenton, Tenn. in 1850. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cremer, James

The first record for James Cremer (?-1893) is in 1851, when he was noted as a traveling agent for Levi Chapman of New York City, N.Y.

In 1852, he was listed as daguerreian supplier in Salem, Mass., in partnership as Cremer and Bowdoin (D.W.). During the same year, Cremer opened a daguerreian stock depot at 144 Washington St., Boston, Mass. In 1853 and 1854 he was listed at the same address.

In August, 1854, Humphrey's Journal reported that Cremer was then in partnership with Holmes, Booth & Haydens of New York City, N.Y. In January, 1855, Humphrey's Journal reported that Cremer was about to open a stock depot in Philadelphia. In 1856, Cremer was listed as a daguerreian stock dealer at 136 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. From 1857 to 1860 he was listed as a stock dealer at the southwest corner of Sixth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

In 1859 Cremer sold out his stock firm to McClees and Co. of Philadelphia, but apparently was still associated with the firm, as it was reported he was about the leave for Europe, and would be expected to bring back new items for the firm. In 1860, Cremer advertised stereoscopes in his listing at 18 S. 8th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Upon his retirement, he moved to Brooklyn, N.Y. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cressey

Reported as a daguerreian in Dover, N.H. in 1849, in partnership as Cressey and Emerson (C.). Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cressey, Russell M.

Listed as ambrotypes in Chicago, Ill., 1858. No business address listed; he lived at 32 West Randolph Street. Probably the husband of Mrs. Francis Cressey, who appeared as an ambrotypist the following year. Cressey may have died in 1858, as he was not listed in 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cressey, Russell M. (Mrs.)

Listed as ambrotypes at 114 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill., 1859-1860. She lived at 32 West Randolph Street. She was probably the wife, and in 1859 probably the widow, of Russell M. Cressey. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cresson, Charles M.

Noted as a daguerreian in Philadelphia, Pa., exact dates unknown. Cresson was reported to have been active from 1845, and was still noted in 1868 as a chemist and practicing photographer. He reportedly perfected a process in 1852 based on Archer's collodion experiments in 1851. He apparently communicated his findings to J.A. Cutting; the information later became crucial in the patent war against Cutting. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crew, Emmor

Listed as daguerreotypes and ambrotypes, Damascoville, Ohio, 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crew, J.

Spelling Variant; See Cruv, J. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Criddlebo

Possible daguerreian, c. 1854, maybe in Columbus, Ind. The only reference is an 1854 letter, which makes reference to having a "likeness taken at Mr. Criddlebo's" sometime in the past. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cridland, Thomas W.

A daguerreian, he learned the process from Samuel F.B. Morse, and was probably the first daguerreian west of the Allegheny Mountains. He was based in Lexington, Ken., at some early point, and took the first daguerreotype in the state. This is probably the same T.W. Cridland noted as an ambrotypist on Third Street near the Post Office in Dayton, Ohio in 1859. His life during the interim years is unknown. Another source identified his first name and located him in Dayton until 1889. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cripfield, R.A.

Listed as a daguerreian in Lincoln, Ill., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crissman

Listed as an ambrotypist in Ligonier, Ind., 1860-1861, in partnership as Crissman and Smith. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Critcherson, George P.

Listed as a photographist at 173 Washington Street, Boston, Mass., 1860. He boarded at 2 Camden Place. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Critchlow, Alfred P.

As A.P. Critchlow & Co., manufacturer of daguerreotype cases, Northampton, Mass., 1856. On October 14, 1856, Critchlow was granted patent #15,915, for a hinge for daguerreotype cases. The patent was assigned to Critchlow & Co. Critchlow emigrated from England in 1843, and may have produced molded daguerreotype cases as early as 1852. Critchlow & Co. included Samuel L. Hill and Isaac Parsons in 1853. Critchlow sold his interest in the company in 1857, and it became Littlefield, Parsons & Co., in Florence and Northampton, Mass., and New York City. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crittenden, J. Henry

Advertised an ambrotype and photograph gallery at 8-1/2 Purchase Street, New Bedford, Mass., 1859. Simultaneously he was listed as a painter on Steamboat Wharf, and lived at 95 South Second Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crittenden, James H.

Advertised an ambrotype and photograph gallery at 424 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C., 1858. He was listed in business as Crittenden and Hawes (J.); the firm employed B.F. Jenney as principal artist. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crobaugh, Daniel

Listed as a daguerreian in Cleveland, Ohio, 1856-1860. In 1856 he was listed at 106 Superior Street, and lived at 51 Cedar Street. In 1857-1858 he was listed at 4 South Ontario Street, and in 1859-1860 he was listed at 113 Ontario Street, at the corner of Public Square. Another source locates him in Cleveland until 1862. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crobaugh, John

Listed as daguerreotypes and ambrotypes in Willoughby, Ohio, 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crobaugh, Samuel

Listed as a daguerreian in Cleveland, Ohio, 1852 to 1860. In 1852-1853 he was listed at 6 Ontario Street, and lived at 40 Garden Street. On August 20,, 1852 he advertised his "new gallery" at 6 Ontario Street. On August 28, 1855 he opened a second gallery at 106 Superior Street, opposite the Melodeon. In 1856 he was listed at 4 Ontario Street, upstairs. In 1859-1860 he was listed as a photographist, at 28 Hoffman's Block. He was active in Cleveland until 1889. He taught the daguerreian process to M.E. Beckwith. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crocker

Daguerreian, date and location unknown. He may have been in partnership as Crocker and Hedges; the imprint appears on a daguerreotype made on a Scovill plate. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crocker, John S.

Listed as a daguerreotypist at 14 State Street, Rochester, N.Y., 1856-1858. He boarded at the Waverly House. Crocker was listed as the sole manager of the "Rochester Gallery of Daguerreotypes", owned by E.T. Whitney. Another unidentified source indicates Crocker purchased Whitney's gallery in 1856. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crocker, Merriam Nathan

An itinerant daguerreian in New York State, 1851-1856. He learned daguerreotyping from Ryland James, also an itinerant, in 1851. He traveled by wagon between Perry and Pavilion, N.Y. When a fire destroyed his wagon in 1856, he built a studio in Perry. He was listed in Perry in 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crocker, William B.

Daguerreian, Norwich, Conn., 1860. No business address listed; he lived at 99 Shetucket Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crockett, Anthony B.

Advertised ambrotypes in Norway, Maine, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crockett, E.

Listed as a daguerreian in Maine, 1849-1856. In 1849 he was listed in East Thomaston, Maine. In 1855 and 1856 he was listed in Rockland, Maine. He later took stereo views. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crompton, J.D.

Daguerreian, Naples, Ill., 1854-1855. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cromwell, J.

Listed with an ambrotype gallery in the Massic Building, southwest corner of Second and Market Streets, Portsmouth, Ohio, 1858-1859. He boarded at the Higgins House. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Croner, Samuel A.

Spelling Variant; See Cohner, Samuel A, Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Croomis

Daguerreian, 283 Eighth Avenue, New York City, N.Y., 1854-1855, in partnership as Jackson (J.) and Croomis. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crosby, A.

Listed as ambrotypes on Mill Street near Radcliff Street, Bristol, Pa., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crosby, George L.

Operated as a photographer in Marlborough, Mass. in 1860, and possibly earlier. In 1872, then active in Hannibal, Mo., Crosby recalled his time in Marlborough. He sold his gallery in 1861, to enter the Civil War. He worked as a photographer for part of the war, and then afterwards. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crosby, John

Listed as a daguerreian in Bridgeport, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crosby, Robert R.

Listed as a daguerreian in Boston, Mass. 1846 until after 1860. Crosby was listed in the Boston directories in 1845 and 1846 without an occupation. From 1846 to 1849 he advertised as a daguerreotypist at 17 Hanover Street. From 1849 to 1851 he was listed at 58 Hanover Street; from 1851 to 1854 at 1-1/2 Tremont Row, and in 1855 and 1856 at 168 Hanover Street. In 1857, he may have been listed as a dealer in oil burning fluid and lamps. In 1858 he was listed without an occupation, and in 1859 and 1860 appeared as a daguerreotypist at 140 Court Street. He listed various residence addresses through the years. He was listed in Boston until 1862. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cross, Daniel H.

Advertised as a daguerreian in Whitewater and Waterloo, Wisc. In 1858 he was listed on Main Street near First Street in Whitewater. This is probably the same D.H. Cross listed as a daguerreian from 1857 to 1859 in Waterloo, Wisc. In Waterloo he was probably in business with E.B. Cross. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cross, E.B.

Advertised as a daguerreian in Waterloo, Wisc., 1857-1859. He was probably in business with Daniel H. Cross. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crouch, William T.

Listed as a daguerreian at 68 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857-1860. In 1858 he began advertising ambrotypes, and in 1859 added 70 West Fourth Street to his address. Another source listed him in partnership with Thomas Kaylor at 70 West Fifth Street in 1860. He later went to St. Louis, Mo. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crowe, Levi

Noted as a daguerreian in West Chester, Pa. c. 1850. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crowell, Silas Horton

Compiler of the Brooklyn City Directory in 1845-1846, he was listed as a daguerreian in the city from 1846 to 1852. From 1846 to 1848 he was listed as a daguerreian at 63 Fulton Street. In 1848-1849 he was listed without an occupation, and lived at 88 Tillary Street. In the other 1848-1849 directory, he was listed as a daguerreian at 63 Fulton Street, with the Tillary Street residence. He had the same daguerreian business in 1849-1850. From 1850 to 1852 he was listed at 57 Fulton Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crowl, Levi

Noted as a daguerreian. In 1855 he was listed in Fayetteville, N.C., in partnership as Crowl and Cochran. In 1858 and 1860-1861 he was listed alone in Wilmington, N.C. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crown, L.

Noted as a daguerreian in Chester, Pa., 1854. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crum, Richard D.

Daguerreian, Dix, N.Y., 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cruv, J.

Also spelled Crew; daguerreian, Mount Union, Ohio, 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Crygier, J.J.

Recorded as a daguerreian at 190 King Street, Charleston, S.C., 1846 to approximately 1849. A former assistant to John Plumbe, Jr., Crygier was associated with S.C. McIntyre when the pair opened the gallery in April, 1846. McIntyre sold the gallery in 1849. From June to September, 1848 Crygier advertised in Greenville, S.C., at McBee and Thurston's store. He also operated in Greenville in July, 1849 for a few weeks. In November, 1849, Crygier took rooms in the Masonic Hall in Laurens(ville), S.C. During the summer of 1849 Crygier made a tour of several South Carolina towns, including Sumter. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cudlipp, William B.

Listed as an ambrotypist at 426 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C., 1860. He boarded on Seventh Street North. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Culbertson, Joseph

Listed as a daguerreotypist at 13 Fourth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1850. Not listed in the subsequent, 1852, directory. An alternate directory listed him in 1850-1851 at Fifth and Market Streets, in partnership as Graham and Culbertson. The 1850 census listed him as age 24. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Culbertson, R.W. (W.R.)

Listed as a daguerreian in Dunnville, Wisc., 1857-1859. Probably the same as W.R. Culbertson, noted in North Pepin, Wisc., the same years. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cullow, T.

Noted as a daguerreian at 129 Superior Street, Cleveland, Ohio, 1845. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cullum, (Lady)

Noted as a daguerreian in Corsicana, Texas, late 1855. She was associated with John L. Cullum, as "John L. Cullum and Lady... in the back room of McKinney's Confectionary." Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cullum, John L.

Noted as a daguerreian in Corsicana, Texas, late 1855. He advertised as "John L. Cullum and Lady..., in the back room of McKinney's Confectionery". Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Culver

Listed as a daguerreian in Copopa, Ohio in 1853. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Culver, Benjamin L.

Listed as ambrotypes in Hopkinton, N.H., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Culver, William

Listed as a daguerreian in Attica, N.Y., 1850-1851. Probably the same William Culver listed as a daguerreian in Niagara City, N.Y., in 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummert, T.C. (O.)

Spelling Variant; see Gummert, T.C. (O.) Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummert, T.C. (O.)

Spelling Variant; See Gummert, T.C. (O.) Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, C.A.

Recorded as a daguerreian in Camden, Ind., 1860-1861. Probably the same C.A. Cummings listed in Galveston, Ind., the same years. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, Eli

Daguerreian, Marietta, Pa., 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, J.G.

Daguerreian, Amesbury, Mass., 1855. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, James

Recorded as a photographer in Washington, D.C., 1857. He was principal camera operator at the gallery of Samuel Walker, at the corner of 4-1/2 Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. He was apparently competent with the Woodward Solar Camera. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, Joseph

Listed as a photographist at 259 Meeting Street, corner of Line Street, Charleston, S.C., 1856. Not listed in the subsequent, 1859, directory. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, R.M.

Advertised daguerreotypes and ambrotypes in Leesville, Ohio, 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, S. (Samuel)

Noted as a daguerreian in Austin, Texas, 1850. Possibly newspaperman Samuel Cummings. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, T.

Listed as a daguerreian at 21 North Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa., 1857 to 1860. He was listed in business as T. & W. Cummings & Co. The firm offered patent ambrotypes and melainotypes. The gallery was listed over Sprecher's new hardware store. T. Cummings lived on Mulberry Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cummings, W.

Listed as a daguerreian at 21 North Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa., 1857, 1859-1860. He was listed in business as T. & W. Cummings & Co. The firm offered patent ambrotypes and melainotypes. The gallery was listed over Sprecher's new hardware store. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cunningham, Andrew

Listed as a daguerreian at 235 Broadway, New York City, N.Y., 1843-1844. He lived at 251 Delancy Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cunningham, C.P. (N.)

Possibly C.N. Cunningham; daguerreian, Metropolis City, Ill., 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cunningham, Edwin

Listed as ambrotypes in South Penabscot, Maine, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cunningham, John T.

Listed as "photographic" at 449 Main Street, Louisville, Ken., 1845-1846. He boarded at the Bowles House. Probably an employe of John Plumbe, Jr., as that was his gallery address. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cunningham, Robert

Daguerreian, 98 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill., 1859 and 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curlee, R.E. (R.)

Perhaps R.R. Curlee, daguerreian, Henderson and Tyler, Texas. He was born c. 1810 in South Carolina, and was noted in June, 1857 in Henderson, Texas. In 1860 and 1861 he was reported in Tyler, Texas. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curran, Michael J.

Daguerreian, New York City, N.Y., 1854-1859. In 1854-1855 he was listed at 383 Broadway. He next appeared in 1858-1859, listed at 270 Grand Street, and lived at 13 Morris Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currie, William

Listed as a "gent. talbotypist" at 107 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 1854-1857. In 1854 and 1855 he was listed in business as Mr. and Mrs. William Currie. Not listed in 1856. In 1857 he was listed as William Currie & Co., artists, at the same address. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currie, William (Mrs.)

Listed as a "gent. talbotypist" at 107 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 1854-1855. In 1854 and 1855 she was listed in business as Mr. and Mrs. William Currie. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier

Listed as an ambrotypist and photographer, St. Joseph, Mo., 1860, in business as Currier & Co. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, Benjamin G.

Listed as a daguerreian artist at 10 Lawrence Street, Lawrence, Mass., 1848. Not listed in the 1850 directory. Presumably the same as Currier listed in 1850 in partnership as Norcross and Currier at #2 Merchant's Row. The pair advertised they "continue their profession at the above place." Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, George H.

Daguerreian, Sacramento, Calif., 1854. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, John Q.

Daguerreian, Lowell, Mass., 1851-1853. In 1851 he was listed in partnership as Gilchrist (G.C.) and Currier at Canal Block and 82 Merrimack Street. In 1853 Currier was listed alone, without a business address and lived on Elm Street, Centralville. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, L.G.

Daguerreian, corner of Court and Howard Streets, Boston, Mass., 1850. Listed in business as L.G. Currier & Co., over Almy's Apothecary Store. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, Soloman H.

Auctioneer and daguerreian, 39 Pleasant Street, Newburyport, Mass., 1852. He was listed in business with S.G. Morrill & Co., and lived at 5 Spring Street. In 1853 he was listed as a notary public. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Currier, William H.

Spelling Variant; See Curry, William H. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curry, William H.

Advertised as ambrotypes and photographs, 95 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 1859-1860 and later. In 1859 the address was renumbered 309 Market Street. Curry was active in Wilmington until the late 1870's. In 1859 he lived at 101 Poplar Street. Alternately he is identified as Currier. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curson, William B.

Spelling Variant; See Corson, William B. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, Alfred D.

Listed as an ambrotypist on the south side of State Street between Main and Church Streets, Rockford, Ill., 1859-1860. He lived on the northwest corner of Morgan and Rock Streets. He was listed in business as Curtis and Co., with M.L. Utter. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, Edward

Daguerreian, Fonda, N.Y., 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, Edward H. (E.R.)

Or E.R. Curtiss; daguerreian. From 1857 to 1859 E.H. Curtis was listed as a daguerreian in Ogden, Wisc. Probably the same as E.R. Curtiss, listed as a daguerreian from 1859 to 1861 in Madison, Wisc. He was active in that city as a photographer until the 1880's. He was born in Connecticut. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, Japhet, Jr.

Listed as a manufacturer in Southbury, Conn. in 1850, he was the sole manufacturer of the Stiles daguerreotype case. The case, patented by Ann Stiles, included a circular image enclosed in a leather-covered conical-shaped case with a magnifying lens in the top. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, John

Daguerreian, 131 Lake Street, Chicago, Ill., 1856-1857. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, O.B.

Noted as a daguerreian in Marietta, Ga. by January, 1854. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtis, S.E.

Listed as a daguerreian in Broadalbin, N.Y., 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtiss, Edward H. (E.R.)

Spelling Variant; See Curtis, Edward H. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtiss, Edward H. (E.R.)

Spelling Variant; See Curtis, Edward H. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtiss, Julian

Advertised ambrotypes and photographs, southeast corner of Public Square, Lima, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curtright

As of September 21, 1850, he was noted as a daguerreian with a studio in Baton Rouge, La. Prior to that time, he advertised in New Orleans, La., at 28 Camp Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Curzon, J.

Noted as a daguerreian, dates and location unknown; information from an image with his name embossed on red velvet liner. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cushman

Listed as a daguerreotypist in Nashville, Tenn., 1860-1861, in partnership as Cushman and Rizer. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cushman, G.F.

Noted as a daguerreian and assistant to Oliver P. Hanks, Cleveland, Ohio, c. April, 1854. Hanks had refitted the rooms of Mrs. Short. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cushman, T.H.

Opened the earliest daguerreian gallery in Albany, N.Y. in January, 1841. By April he had been joined by E.N. Horseford, and the pair offered instruction in taking both portraits and landscapes. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cushwa, David N.

Daguerreian. In 1859 he was listed in St. Louis, Mo., at 41 North Fourth Street, and boarded at the Revere House. In 1860 he was listed at the southwest corner of Fifth and St. Charles Streets. This is probably the same D. Cushwa noted as an ambrotypist in Hermann, Mo., in 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cusick, J.W.

Listed as "ambrotypes, general merchandise and postmaster", Pyrmont, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cuslauyi, P.

Born in New Orleans, he was listed there as a photographer in 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Custin, Henry

Noted as a daguerreian at Niagara Falls, N.Y., in 1848. The reference cited Howard Peale as working with Custin in that year at the Falls. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutting, A.P.

Advertised ambrotypes and photographs at the corner of Columbia and Detroit Streets, Kenton, Ohio, 1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutting, Chauncey P.

Advertised ambrotypes in Lee, Mass., 1857 to 1860. He was reported in the town until the turn of the century. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutting, James A.

(-1865) While James A. Cutting is most well-known for his "Bromide Patent," there still exists a great deal of mystery surrounding his life before, during and after his photographic ventures.

In terms of business directory listings, Cutting first appears in Boston, Mass., in 1853, as a daguerreian at 41 Tremont Street, and his residence in Chelsea. He was listed in business as J.A. Cutting & Co.; another source lists him at 10 Tremont Row in the same year.

It was also in 1853 that Cutting reportedly went to Washington, D.C., to apply for a patent on his collodion. One source noted Cutting in partnership with Isaac Rehn (of Philadelphia) in the ambrotype or bromide patent. He "rented" a darkroom from Root and Clark to prepare plates for the first negatives.

In an article which appeared in the Philadelphia Photographer in 1868, it was reported that during Cutting's experiments, he was associated with Dr. Giles Langdell of Philadelphia. A.H. Lincoln, although not definitely identified as a photographer, was a close neighbor of Cutting (in Boston?), and visited his gallery in 1853, observing Cutting and Dr. Langdell experimenting with collodion pictures. He reported that he recognized formulas in books open on a table. This may have been Ambrose Lincoln, recorded as a photographer in Boston, Mass. in 1858. The involvement of Isaac Rehn also apparently came in 1853, when he came to Philadelphia from York at the urging of Cutting, to make photographs under Cutting's patent. Rehn became partial owner of the patent, and with Cutting later traveled the country selling rights and teaching the process.

Throughout this time, Cutting continued to be listed as a daguerreian in Boston, Mass. In 1854 his gallery was located at 142 Hanover Street, and in 1855 he was listed as "ambrotype pictures" at 49 Tremont Street, in partnership as Cutting and Bowdoin (D.W.).

There was apparently a connection between Cutting and John A. Whipple of Boston at this time; there is a conveyence receipt of $300.00 to a unidentified "Mr. Hall" dated November 11, 1854, from Whipple, Cutting & Co., and Cutting was reported to have traveled for Black and Whipple in 1855 or 1856 for the purpose of selling rights in their combined patents.

As Cutting was attempting to collect fees for his patent, he used a Mr. W.E.P. Smythe of Boston. Mr. Smythe in turn led Cutting to a T.H. Hubbard, who offered to become Cutting's agent for the Bromide Patent. Cutting apparently sold or bargained his interested in the patent to Smythe and Hubbard, retaining one-eighth of the rights. From the time he did so until the time of his death in 1868, Cutting received only $10.00 in payments from Smythe.

At an unspecified date, Jesse Briggs purchased all the right, title and interest in the Ambrotype patent from Cutting (or Smythe and Hubbard?) for the U.S., Great Britain and France, with the right to use the Bromide Patent in making ambrotypes. For this right, he paid $10,000. Cutting reportedly taught Briggs how to make ambrotypes.

In 1855, Dr. Asa Millette purchased the Bromide Patent rights for the State of Maine (excepting Portland) for $600.00, for New Hampshire for $500.00, and for other unspecified territory for $1000.00. He also bought as part of a stock company one-half of Cutting's interest in the Bromide and Ambrotype patents.

William A. Tomlinson purchased rights to the Bromide Patent for New York City; Hudson County, New Jersey; and Long Island.

In 1855 or 1856, Rehn and Cutting traveled to Iowa, where Cutting opened a sawmill. Rehn returned to Philadelphia, and "in due course" was persuaded to relinquish his one-fourth interest in the Bromide Patent to Hubbard, in order to allow him to represent the entire thing in prosecuting the case against C.D. Fredericks. Following the sawmill purchase in Iowa, Cutting returned to Boston.

In 1856 Cutting was listed as James A. Cutting & Co., daguerreians, at 123 Washington Street, Boston. He also seems to have continued the listing as Cutting and Bowdoin at 49 Tremont Street. From 1857 to 1859 he was listed as "ambrotype pictures" at 10 Tremont Row, in partnership as Cutting and Turner (A.A.). In 1858 Humphrey's Journal listed Cutting in partnership as Cutting, Bradford (L.B.) and Turner. Late in the year it was reported the three men were responsible for discovering a photolithographic process. The 1859 listing was the last for Cutting in the Boston directories as a photographer.

He reportedly collected some $20,000 in fees for his patent during this period, and built a boat called "The Ambrotype." As proprietor of the Aquarial Gardens of Boston, he used his boat to collect specimens. In 1860, he was listed as Cutting and Butler, Aquarial Gardens, Central Court. Cutting died in poverty in 1865 in the Worcester Insane Asylum.

Notes: Matthew Foley, a clerk and long-time friend of Cutting's, handled his correspondence. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutting, Levi D.

Listed as a daguerreian in Columbiaville, Mich., 1859-1860. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutts, Henry

Daguerreian case maker, New Haven, Conn., 1860-1861. No business address listed; he boarded at 122 George Street. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cutts, John S.

Listed as a photographer in Boston, Mass., 1860. No business address listed; he boarded at the Hancock House. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cuyler, Stephen

Daguerreian, Parishville, N.Y., 1859. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig

Cyrus, L.M.

Listed as a daguerreian at 368 Broadway, New York City, N.Y., 1851. He was not listed in subsequent directories. In 1850, Dr. Cyrus also marketed an accelerator for daguerreotypes. His product was sold by Anthony, Meade Brothers, and Scovill. Information corrected to November, 1997; © 1996, 1997 John S. Craig