He first appeared as a daguerreian in New York City, N.Y., from 1850 to 1853. At that time, his gallery was listed at 156 Bowery; he lived at the same address.
In 1852-1853 he was listed in partnership as Osborn and Holt (G.W.A.). From that time until 1857, Osborn was not listed in New York. He re-appeared in the 1857-1858 directory at the 156 Bowery address, and lived at 134 Bowery.
In all probability, this is the same James M. Osborn who established "Osborn's First Premium Daguerreian Gallery" at 233 King Street, Charleston, S.C., in 1852. He maintained this address until 1856, noting late in 1853 he had been awarded First Premium at the 1853 South Carolina fair for daguerreotypes. Apparently in 1854 he began to advertise his gallery as the "Eagle Daguerreian Gallery". In December, 1855 he was the first South Carolina photographer to offer ambrotypes. Two weeks later, his address was occupied by Tyler & Co., although it appears that Osborn may have maintained a connection with the firm. Tyler and Co. was succeeded by Quinby & Co., and in December, 1857 Osborn noted he was connected with that firm. Quinby & Co. also advertised a gallery in New York City.
Osborn may have returned to New York City in 1856 or early 1857 in time to be listed at his old address in the directory, and then possibly returned to Charleston. In November, 1858 Osborn announced a partnership in Charleston with F.E. Durbec at the 233 King Street address. The firm operated not only as daguerreians, but offered stock as well, advertising 5,000 different patterns of fancy cases in stock. By 1860 they were producing stereo views.
As a sidebar, it is interesting to learn how Osborn could have left New York City in 1853 and returned in 1857 to occupy the same address. It appears that Holt, with whom Osborn was in business in 1852-1853, was previously (and perhaps continually) in partnership with R.A. Lewis. A George W. Hall is also listed at the same address in 1852-1853; while Peter G. Clark occupied the premises in 1854-1855 and possibly part of 1855-1856. In 1855 Julius (or Joseph) Brill apparently purchased the gallery from Lewis, and then re-sold it to Henry Vanselow in 1856. Vanselow occupied it from 1856 to 1859. It is possible that Osborn returned to work for or with Vanselow.